由新浪財經ESG頻道牽頭發起，聯合中信出版集團共同主辦的ESG全球領導者峰會將于2021年8月26日隆重舉行。本次峰會以“聚焦ESG發展，共議低碳可持續新未來”為主題，邀請具有全球影響力的國際組織、投資機構、商業銀行、知名企業及權威學者，立足ESG投資理論、實踐，就可持續發展領域議題加強溝通與探索。

　　2021年8月，新開發銀行副行長兼首席財務官萊斯利·馬斯多普（Leslie Maasdorp）先生接受了新浪財經ESG頻道的訪談，就ESG投資實踐，新開發銀行可持續投資經驗，ESG專業人才培養等話題發表見解。

　　萊斯利·馬斯多普先生現任新開發銀行副行長及首席財務官，負責銀行的司庫、投資組合管理、財務和會計職能。在過去的25年里，馬斯多普先生在私人和公共部門擔任高級領導職務。

　　以下為本次訪談實錄：

　　新浪財經：五年前，也就是2017年，新開發銀行發布了《2017-2021新開發銀行總體戰略》，支持可持續基礎設施發展。今年是《總體戰略》的收官之年。在過去的五年里，新開發銀行在可持續發展投資方面取得了哪些成果？收獲了哪些經驗？在這個過程中，中國作為金磚國家之一發揮了怎樣的作用？

　　萊斯利·馬斯多普：新開發銀行于2015年成立，當時全球對可持續發展的認知正在普遍提高?？梢哉f，新開發銀行的DNA中就蘊含了可持續性。新開發銀行的創始文件，《新開發銀行的協定》，授權本行為支持可持續的基礎設施發展提供資金，也為我行的所有業務和資本市場活動提供了明確的政策指導。正如大家所知，2015年9月各國通過了可持續發展目標（SDGs），三個月后又達成了巴黎協定。這些具有里程碑意義的時刻也為我行采取的綠色、可持續和低碳政策奠定了基礎。

　　因此，新開發銀行在2016年4月宣布其首批五個項目都是綠色和可再生的，這并不令人驚訝。同年，在獲得中國AAA信用評級后，新開發銀行發行了第一筆綠色債券，這也鞏固了我們銀行的可持續性。我行從概念設計階段評估項目時，ESG就是我們投資標準的核心。我行還整理并報告了每個項目與相關可持續發展目標的一致性。總的來說，我們資助的每一個項目都是以可持續的方式實施的，并且在項目實施過程中我們也評估、最小化和緩解其ESG負面影響。

　　中國的監管機構，特別是中國人民銀行（PBOC）和中國銀行間市場交易商協會（NAFMII）在促進綠色債券市場的發展方面發揮了重要作用，它們發布了一致的指導方針，為像新開發銀行這樣的機構發行綠色債券創造了有利的環境。新開發銀行已經成為中國在岸市場上最大的熊貓債發行人，注冊額度為200億人民幣。2021年，新開發銀行與聯合國開發計劃署合作，在中國國內市場成功發行了首支可持續發展目標債券。

　　我行的目標是成為可持續金融的領導者，并將繼續探索可持續的新債券發行，比如我們將為投資水資源領域業務發行藍色債券。目前，新開發銀行在中國的貸款組合非常多樣化，包括太陽能發電、離岸風力發電、低碳重組項目、與水有關的項目等，這些都符合我們的ESG標準。

　　新浪財經：我們了解到，新開發銀行7月份在國際資本市場上發行了價值22.5億美元的三年期可持續債券，這是新開發銀行在國際資本市場上發行美元債券的第四次也是最大的一次行動。能否簡單分享一下關于新開發銀行如何通過發行綠色債券促進全球可持續發展？

　　萊斯利·馬斯多普：新開發銀行致力于以綠色和可持續的形式開展其大部分國內和國際資本市場活動。我行最近發行的美元債券被貼上了“可持續”和“流行病支持債券”的標簽，因為發債的凈收益將用于支持可持續發展活動和提供緊急支持貸款，以使發行人的成員國經濟復蘇。2020年3月，新開發銀行承諾提供總額為100億美元的危機相關援助資金，為衛生和社會安全支出提供支援，以及支持成員國經濟復蘇。

　　除美元債券外，新開發銀行于2021年3月在中國銀行間債券市場發行了50億元人民幣的可持續發展目標債券?？沙掷m發展目標（SDG）債券是根據聯合國開發計劃署（UNDP）“可持續發展目標債券影響力標準”和《可持續發展投融資支持項目目錄（中國）》相關標準發行的。新開發銀行很榮幸成為在債務資本市場上使用這兩個標準的第一個試點發行者。

　　為了將其投融資能力提升到下一個階段，新開發銀行建立了《可持續投融資政策框架》，為我行定調了綠色、可持續和ESG債券發行收益的使用和管理方面的原則。銀行的目標是在此框架下指導所有ESG債券的發行，并與國際資本市場協會（ICMA）的標準保持一致。全球對ESG債務工具有很大的需求，新開發銀行將與其他多邊開發銀行一道，填補這一空白。

　　新浪財經：除了發行可持續債券外，新開發銀行采取了哪些措施和行動來動員金磚國家的私營部門參與ESG實踐？能否介紹一下中國投資機構和企業的ESG表現？

　　萊斯利·馬斯多普：新開發銀行努力通過各種渠道向成員國傳播其ESG治理的經驗和知識。2020年，新開發銀行完成了對所有五個成員國的環境、社會和采購國家體系的一系列審查，并與各國的監管機構和政府機構一道研究并傳播了審查結果。新開發銀行還為其在所有成員國的客戶舉辦了一系列的信息傳播和能力建設研討班，內容涉及銀行資助項目中的環境、社會和采購的風險管理等。這些專題研討班集中討論了國家系統的要求、新開發銀行的核心政策要求以及國家系統和新開發銀行政策要求之間有差距、且需要人為干涉的那些領域。

　　在私營部門方面，新開發銀行正在構建我們在成員國的私營部門貸款組合，以補充現有的主權貸款組合。在這個過程中，新開發銀行打算加強與和基礎設施建設相關的國家的聯系，并從涉及重大ESG考慮的項目中吸取經驗。

　　新浪財經：在后疫情時代，可持續發展、ESG投資和國際合作已經成為國際上共同關注的話題。而很多人已經意識到，目前具有多元背景的ESG人才供給不足。今年5月，您在廈門火炬大學成立儀式上的講話也提到了培養人才和促進創新。您能否和我們分享一下您對中國ESG人才發展的建議和期望？

　　萊斯利·馬斯多普：在新開發銀行的第二個五年總體戰略中，我行承諾吸引、培養和留住人才，以繼續將新開發銀行建設成為一個人才密集型機構。我們將在人力資源部下設立人才管理部門，專門負責這一目標。

　　對于新開發銀行來說，人才發展目標就是通過培育年輕人投資未來。作為一家年輕的銀行，新開發銀行有優勢建立獨特的高成就人才庫，并鼓勵他們質疑現狀，并且用新的想法和方法探索未知的領域。在這個意義上，NDB的目標是將我們的青年勞動力（目前的平均年齡為32歲）作為競爭優勢。

　　新開發銀行旨在成為ESG人才的理想家園。銀行正在設立一個新的ESG部門，我們歡迎來自所有相關學科的ESG專業人士，包括金融、資金、風險、投資運營、法律和合規等。例如，我們的資金團隊正在密切關注全球資本市場的趨勢，以探索可持續金融的新領域。

　　新浪財經：最后，我們再來看看新開發銀行的下一個五年戰略。與《2017-2021年總體戰略》相比，新開發銀行在ESG領域的觀點和發展戰略是什么？將重點布局哪個方向？

　　萊斯利·馬斯多普：隨著貸款組合的不斷豐富和關注銀行業務的可持續性逐漸主流化，新開發銀行及其股東非常重視通過確保新開發銀行資助項目的可持續性和將整個行業的最佳做法復制到我們的項目中來推動我行的可持續發展成果。

　　新開發銀行將設立新的ESG部門，加強履行我行對符合我們成員國家制度的環境和社會標準的承諾，并將為應對打擊不平等和氣候變化的全球挑戰做出貢獻。新開發銀行的目標是使可持續性和ESG考慮成為貫穿我行活動各個方面的主題。

　　An Interview Transcript is as follow：

　　SINA FINANCE： Five years ago in 2017， NDB issued its General Strategy 2017-2021 to support sustainable infrastructure development． This year is the closing year of the General Strategy． In the past five years， what experience and success have NDB achieved in its sustainable development investment？ And what role did China play during this process？

　　Leslie Maasdorp： The New Development Bank was started in 2015 at a time of heightened global awareness about sustainability． The Bank has sustainability hard-coded in its DNA． The founding documents of the NDB， called the ‘Articles of Agreement’ mandates the Bank to finance sustainable infrastructure and therefore gives unequivocal policy guidance to all the operations as well as the capital markets activities of the institution． As we know the global community adopted the Sustainable Development Goals （SDG’s） in September 2015 and three months later in December 2015， the historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change was signed． These landmark moments laid the basis for the green， sustainable and low carbon policies adopted by the Bank．

　　It came as no surprise therefore that the NDB announced in April 2016， that its first five projects were all green and renewable． In the same year， after obtaining a AAA credit rating in China， NDB issued its first Bond as a Green Bond， which cemented the sustainability credentials of the institution． ESG is central to the investment criteria when the Bank assesses its projects from the concept stage． The Bank maps and reports the alignment of each of its projects with the relevant SDGs． Overall， every project which we finance is implemented in a sustainable way and their ESG impacts are assessed， minimized and mitigated during project implementation．

　　Chinese regulators， most notably the People’s Bank of China （PBOC） and NAFMII played a vital role in enabling the development of the Green Bond market by issuing coherent guidelines which created an enabling environment for institutions like NDB to issue green bonds． NDB has become the largest issuer of Panda Bonds in the China onshore market with a registered program of RMB20bn． In 2021， NDB successfully issued the first SDG Bond in China domestic market， in partnership with UNDP．

　　The Bank aims to be a leader in sustainable finance and will explore new bond issuances in the sustainable format including blue bonds to finance our investment operations in the water sector． Currently， the NDB’s China portfolio consists of diversified loans including solar power， off-shore wind power， low-carbon restructuring projects， water-related projects which all fit in the ESG criteria of the Bank．

　　SINA FINANCE： We have learned that NDB issued three-year sustainable bonds worth $2.25 billion in international capital markets in July， and this was the bank’s fourth and largest operation to place dollar bonds in international capital markets． Would it be possible to share briefly regarding how NDB promotes global sustainable development through raising green bonds？

　　Leslie Maasdorp： NDB is committed to do most of its domestic and international capital markets activities in the green and sustainable format． The most recent dollar bond issuances of the Bank were labeled as sustainable and ‘pandemic support bond’ as the net proceeds will be used for financing sustainable development activities and providing emergency support loans to enable the economic recovery in the Issuer‘s member countries． In March 2020， NDB pledged a total of USD 10 billion in crisis-related assistance including health and social safety expenditures， as well as supporting member states’ economic recovery．

　　In addition to the USD dollar bond， NDB issued an RMB 5billion Sustainable Development Goal bond in the China interbank bond market in March 2021． The Sustainable Development Goals （SDG） bond was issued under the UNDP Sustainable Development Goals Impact Standards for Bonds （UNDP SDG Standard） as well as the SDG Finance Taxonomy （China）． NDB is proud to be the first pilot issuer to use the UNDP SDG Standard as well as the SDG Finance Taxonomy （China） in the Debt Capital Market．

　　To advance its funding capabilities to the next stage， NDB has established the Sustainable Financing Policy Framework （“Framework”） which describes the Bank’s principles in governing the use and management of the proceeds of Green， Sustainability or ESG bonds issuance． The Bank aims to guide all the ESG bond issuance under this Framework and to be ICMA standard aligned． There is massive appetite globally for the ESG debt instruments and NDB， along with other MDBs， aims to be the pioneer to fill this gap．

　　SINA FINANCE： In addition to the issuance of sustainable bonds， what measures and actions NDB has taken to mobilize private sectors in BRICS countries to participate in ESG practice？ Could you introduce the ESG performance of Chinese investment institutions and enterprises？

　　Leslie Maasdorp： NDB endeavors to disseminate its ESG experience and knowledge to the member countries through various channels． In 2020， NDB completed a series of reviews of environmental， social and procurement country systems of all five member countries and engaged with countries’ regulatory agencies and government agencies for consultations and dissemination of the studies’ findings． NDB also conducted a series of ten information dissemination and capacity-building workshops for its clients in all member countries on managing environmental， social and procurement risks in projects financed by the Bank． These thematic workshops concentrated on the use of country systems， NDB’s core policy requirements and areas that require further interventions to bridge the gaps between country systems and NDB’s policy requirements．

　　In terms of private sector， NDB is in the process to build up its private sector portfolio in member countries， to complement its existing portfolio of sovereign loans． In the process， NDB intends to strengthen its links with relevant national and global players in the infrastructure sector to help draw experience from projects that entail significant ESG considerations．

　　SINA FINANCE： In the post-epidemic era， sustainable development， ESG investment and international cooperation have become topics of common concern internationally． And many people have been aware of the current insufficient supply of ESG talents with multiple backgrounds． In May， your remarks on establishment ceremony of Xiamen Torch Academy also mentioned nurturing talent and promoting innovation． Could you share with us your suggestions and expectations for ESG talent development in China？

　　Leslie Maasdorp： In the NDB’s 2nd 5-year general strategy， the Bank has committed to attract， nurture， and retain talents so as to continue building NDB into a talent-intensive Institution． A Talent Management Division under the Human Resources Department will be set up and dedicated to this goal．

　　For NDB， talent development is about investment in the future via nurturing the youth． As a young bank， NDB has the advantage to build up its unique talent pool of young high-achieving individuals who are encouraged to question the status quo and explore new frontiers by developing new ideas and approaches． In this sense， NDB aims to use its young workforce， with current average age of 32， as a competitive advantage．

　　NDB is designed to be an ideal home for ESG talent． The Bank is setting up a new ESG department which will aim to attract ESG professionals from all the relevant disciplines including finance， treasury， risk， investment operations， legal and compliance． Our Treasury team for example are closely monitoring the trends in the global capital markets to explore new frontiers in sustainable finance． 

　　SINA FINANCE： Finally， Let‘s go back to NDB’s next five-year strategy． Compared with General Strategy 2017-2021， what is NDB’s view and growth trajectory in terms of ESG？ Which direction will the focus be laid out？

　　Leslie Maasdorp： With the growing portfolio and focus towards mainstreaming sustainability in the Bank’s operations， NDB and its shareholders assign great value to enhancing the Bank’s development results via ensuring sustainability of NDB-funded projects and replicating best practices from across the industry into our projects．

　　NDB’s creation of a new ESG Department will reinforce the Bank’s commitment to environmental and social standards that are in line with our members’ country systems and will contribute to addressing global challenges of combating inequality and climate change． NDB aims to make sustainability and ESG considerations cross-cutting themes across the various aspects of Bank’s activities．

　　關于新浪財經·ESG頻道

　　新浪財經ESG頻道是業內首個中文ESG專業聚合頻道，致力于宣傳和推廣可持續發展，責任投資，與ESG（環境、社會和公司治理）價值理念，傳播ESG的企業實踐行動和榜樣力量，并推動中國ESG事業的發展。點擊進入新浪財經-ESG頻道。

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